..., autoignition, combustion, and engine-out emissions [( 9 )]. It can be noted that no studies are available so far in literature on the effect of swirl on diesel engines fuelled with JP8. Also, as worldwide concern about NO x and particulates emissions with conventional petroleum derived fuels is growing...

... diesel engines optimisation petroleum Taguchi methods 17 07 2010 16 01 2011 26 08 2011 26 08 2011 2011 American Society of Mechanical Engineers ...

... diesel engines dissociation drops nozzles orifices (mechanical) petroleum sprays group-hole nozzle Sauter mean diameter (SMD) droplet mean velocity droplet analysis system (PDPA) Basically, the reduction of nozzle hole size may interfere with the generation of a homogeneous mixture...

... FSN, it is desired to report mass emissions of soot using empirical correlations derived for use with petroleum diesel fuels and conventional modes of combustion. The work presented in this paper compares the experimental results of well known formulas for calculating the mass of soot using FSN...

... proved to be efficient, reducing the number of engine cycles necessary for the calibration to less than 1000 per operating condition. 11 10 2010 11 10 2010 15 04 2011 15 04 2011 combustion equipment petroleum sparks Spark ignition (SI) engine performance...

... diesel engines emission nitrogen compounds oxygen compounds petroleum Conventional diesel engine leads a prime role in the transportation sector. But direct injected (DI) diesel engines are strongly challenged for the simultaneous reduction of particulate matter (PM) and oxides of nitrogen...

... returning to self-reliance is to develop petroleum alternatives. Toward that end, the U.S. legislation, requiring a fourfold increase in alternative fuel production, was recently introduced ( 2 ). This equates to a 36 billion production capacity by 2022, with alcohols playing a significant role in powering...

... caused increasing concern. In order to minimize the deleterious impact of lubricant-derived ash on diesel particulate filter performance and service life, the American Petroleum Institute (API) CJ-4 oil specification was introduced, which limits sulfated ash content in the lubricant to no more than 1.0...

... 2010 24 09 2010 fuel systems nozzles petroleum Due to the strong influence of diesel sprays on diesel engine performance and emissions, diesel sprays and injectors have been a subject of significant recent research interest. It is well understood that the geometry of the injector...

... Biodiesel is a promising fuel for diesel engines since it is partially renewable and can be derived from a number of plant sources. It also has been reported to have lower smoke, CO, and THC emissions than petroleum diesel ( 8 ). The use of LTC modes with biodiesel has been relatively unexplored although...

... (for further details see Ref. 5 or 6 , for example). air pollution measurement combustion diesel engines evaporation exhaust systems petroleum soot 12 10 2009 10 12 2009 16 08 2010 16 08 2010 2010 American Society of Mechanical Engineers ...

... petroleum 11 05 2009 06 11 2009 10 08 2010 10 08 2010 2010 American Society of Mechanical Engineers ...

... be reduced in diesel engines by promoting the mixing of fuel and air before combustion. NO x levels can be reduced by reducing combustion temperature by burning leaner, premixed or using EGR ( 2 ). diesel engines petroleum 21 05 2009 09 07 2009 18 06 2010 18 06...

... atomization and cavitation phenomena. automobile industry automotive components cavitation computational fluid dynamics drops flow instability fuel systems hydrodynamics internal combustion engines nozzles petroleum shear turbulence two-phase flow 24 02 2009 24 08 2009 20...

... 2009 23 05 2009 26 04 2010 26 04 2010 fuel systems ignition intake systems (machines) manifolds parameter estimation petroleum thermal analysis valves Over 80% of the total CO and HC emissions in standard driving cycles are generated during the cold phase when cars...

.... The timing of peak pressure around 10–15 degree of crank angle after top dead center indicates a good appearance for low MRPR. 03 04 2009 11 06 2009 22 01 2010 22 01 2010 combustion engines internal combustion engines motorcycles petroleum Motor vehicle exhaust...

...Clifford A. Moses; Petrus N. J. Roets In 1999, as the only inland petroleum refinery in South Africa was reaching capacity, Sasol gained approval of a semisynthetic jet fuel (SSJF) for civil aviation to augment production and meet the growing demand for jet fuel at the airport in Johannesburg...

... biofuel carbon compounds chromatography combustion combustion equipment dissociation flames gas turbine power stations global warming mass spectroscopy nitrogen compounds petroleum thermal analysis vegetable oils viscosity In recent years, two important factors have influenced...

... than those from diesel flames. biofuel combustion flames gas turbines petroleum swirling flow Biomass can be converted into solid, gaseous, or liquid fuel depending on the conversion processes and economic factors. Several current biomass technologies are reviewed in Ref. 2 . Co-firing...

.... A. , 1999 , “ NOx Formation in Two-Stage Methane-Air Flames ,” Combust. Flame 0010-2180 10.1016/S0010-2180(99)00002-4 , 118 , pp. 399 – 414 . 14 10 2006 24 10 2006 emission sprays flames combustion gas mixtures petroleum ultrasonic equipment vaporisation anemometers...