...John Mbũrũ Ngũgĩ; Sandra Richter; Marina Braun-Unkhoff; Clemens Naumann; Uwe Riedel Trimethyl orthoformate (TMOF: HC(OCH 3 ) 3 ) has recently been examined as a viable biofuel. TMOF is a branched isomer of oxymethylene ether-2 (OME 2 ) that, due to its high oxygen content and lack of direct carbon...

... from the basic engine operability and emissions studies of the alternative fuel blends. 23 06 2011 30 06 2011 06 03 2012 06 03 2012 air pollution control biofuel combustion environmental testing jet engines pyrolysis The Department of Defense (DOD) established...

... significant, exacerbated by the rapidly growing demand from the aviation sector. Biofuels are considered one of the most suitable alternatives to petrochemical-based fuels in the aviation industry in the short to medium term, since blends of biofuel and kerosene provide a good balance of properties currently...

... ) emissions and particulate matter characteristics. On an average biodiesel produced 37% less NO x emissions compared to ULSD and JP-8. 25 10 2010 04 11 2010 08 12 2011 08 12 2011 biofuel combustion diesel engines ignition propellants renewable energy sources Depletion...

... analyzer was used to compare the spray pattern for the various fuel blends as they emerged from the T-56 nozzle. biofuel gas turbines laser Doppler anemometry nozzles In a Canadian context, there has also been interest in the addition of biodiesel fuels (fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs...

... a regulated emission from vehicles, the measurement of carbonaceous soot alone is useful as a metric of engine combustion quality for research purposes. air pollution biofuel carbon combustion diesel engines nitrogen compounds petroleum soot 11 10 2010 13 10 2010 04 05 2011...

... in volumetric fuel consumption was observed at B20 and nearly 7% increase in volumetric fuel consumption at B100. biofuel locomotives nitrogen compounds oxygen compounds sulphur compounds One of the driving forces for the use of biodiesel over petroleum diesel is the renewable energy aspect...

... at the late post-injection. Short pulse durations decreased the severity of liquid penetration with the soy-derived biodiesel during the early post-injection but were otherwise ineffective. 04 10 2010 25 10 2010 15 04 2011 15 04 2011 biofuel diesel engines distillation valves...

...Thomas Wallner The U.S. renewable fuel standard has made it a requirement to increase the production of ethanol and advanced biofuels to 36 billion by 2022. Ethanol will be capped at 15 billion, which leaves 21 billion to come from other sources such as butanol. Butanol has a higher energy density...

...-2351 , 46 ( 4 ), pp. 937 – 944 . Agarwal , A. , 2007 , “ Biofuels (Alcohols and Biodiesel) Applications as Fuels for Internal Combustion Engines ,” Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 0360-1285 , 33 , pp. 233 – 271 . 10.1016/j.pecs.2006.08.003 Pradeep , V. , and Sharma , P. R...

.... , 2007 , “ The Attainment of Premixed Compression Ignition Low-Temperature Combustion in a Compression Ignition Direct Injection Engine ,” Proc. Combust. Inst. 1540-7489 , 31 ( 2 ), pp. 2913 – 2920 . 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.113 Agarwal , A. K. , 2007 , “ Biofuels (Alcohols and Biodiesel...

... with the viscosity bench test and FTIR analysis, and provided oil viscosity measurement over the course of the project. The operation with B20 shows significant fuel dilution and needs to be monitored to prevent engine deterioration. 23 09 2009 07 10 2009 16 08 2010 16 08 2010 biofuel...

...DONALD W. BAHR GAS TURBINE COMBUSTION—Alternative Fuels and Emissions ,by Lefebvre Arthur H. Ballal Dillip R. . CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group , New York, NY , 2010 , ISSN: 978-1-4200-8604-1 05 08 2010 05 08 2010 biofuel combustion gas turbines...

... cases for biodiesel-ethanol blend, the number concentrations of larger size particles which are closely related to the weight of smoke emissions mass were significantly reduced. 22 06 2009 03 08 2009 21 06 2010 21 06 2010 air pollution control biofuel combustion diesel...

... at approximately 450 × 10 6   gal / yr ( 1 ). The U.S. Energy Independence and Securities Act of 2007 and the Renewable Fuel Standard program will increase the volume of advanced biofuels to 21 × 10 9   gal in 2022 ( 1 2 ). Currently in the United States, the majority...

.... , 2002 , “ FLUENT 6.1 ,” www.fluent.com Turanyi , T. , 2005 , “ KINALC : A CHEMKIN Base Program for Kinetic Analyses ,” available at http://www.chem.leeds.ac.uk/Combustion/kinalc.htm 16 04 2009 13 08 2009 10 06 2010 10 06 2010 biofuel combustion flames...

... specific fuel consumption (BSFC) was slightly higher than mineral diesel. Combustion characteristics were quite similar for the three fuels. 30 04 2009 14 05 2009 24 03 2010 24 03 2010 biofuel combustion diesel engines biodiesel rice-bran oil combustion pressure-crank...

.... With this novel configuration the amount of CO 2 captured can be even more than 100% if the exhaust gas from the biofuelled boiler is mixed and cleaned together with the main exhaust gas flow from the combined cycle. In order to make an unprejudiced comparison between the two alternatives, the reduced steam...

.... , 2005 , “ Utilization of Liquid Biofuels in Automotive Diesel Engines: An Indian Perspective ,” Biomass Bioenergy , 29 , pp. 65 – 72 . 0961-9534 Anon, Petroleum Statistics, Ministry of Oil & Natural Gas, Government of India, http://www.peroleum.nic.in/petsteat.pdf . Peterson , C. L...

... that the Siemens DLE combustion system can be adapted to use biodiesel as an alternative fuel without major modification. 24 03 2009 30 03 2009 14 09 2009 biofuel combustion equipment gas turbines Campbell , A. , Goldmeer , J. , Healy , T. , Washam , R. , Molière...